Alexander GM, Schwartzman RJ, Nukes TA, Grothusen JR, Hooker MD
The Intensifying GLP-1 Race While Novo Nordisk recently secured FDA approval for an oral version of semaglutide becoming the first to market an oral GLP-1RA for obesity Eli Lilly continues to lead in injectable sales with: Zepbound (obesity) Mounjaro (type 2 diabetes) Lilly is also awaiting an FDA decision on its oral candidate, orforglipron
In summary, from modulating microglial polarization and neutralizing pro-inflammatory cytokines, to targeting immune checkpoints and astrocyte-derived inhibitory pathways, immunomodulatory strategies offer multifaceted approaches to disrupt the ferroptosisinflammation interplay
Gastrointestinal side effects, particularly nausea, often follow a predictable pattern related to the injection schedule
Shallow injection depth (injecting too close to the skin surface rather than into subcutaneous fat) concentrates the solution where nerve endings are denser
doi: 10.1159/000345969 157 CosolaCRocchettiMTCupistiAGesualdoL
