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NO itself is a source of cytotoxic molecules, and its deleterious effects are enhanced by its ability to concentrate locally around tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment

An overflow of glutamate (the main endogenous excitatory amino in brain, at concentration of 515 mmol glutamate per kg body weight, higher than of any other neurotransmitter) is implicated in major psychiatric illnesses [1, 24,25,26]

Clinical evidence from hand OA studies reveals significant alterations in gut microbiome-derived tryptophan metabolites: serum levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) are elevated, whereas 3-HAA is reduced in symptomatic patients (Wei et al., 2023)

Wild-type nonneuronal cells extend survival of SOD1 mutant motor neurons in ALS mice

Those ligand-target bindings would include benzodiazepine, opioid, (1)- and (2)-adrenergic, serotonergic and cholinergic receptors 85 and, notably, the fascinating issue of the anti-nociceptive role of melatonin seems to be mediated by MT1 and MT2 receptors themselves 86 , 87,88

Together, they create a synergistic trifecta of cellular energy , detoxification , and tissue repair that works from the inside out to reverse signs of aging and elevate your vitality