Among these, the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-III) complex, comprising Vps34, Beclin-1, Vps15 and Atg14, is responsible for generating phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) (Klionsky et al., 2021)
They are identified as several subfamilies based on their molecular size and shape, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) (Hombach and Kretz, 2016)
However, apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, cuproptosis, PANoptosis, NETosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, mitotic death, mithuosis, alkaliptosis, anoikis, autosis, disulfidptosis, entosis, oxeiptosis, and parthanatos are reported as distinct RCD modes with unique signal transduction pathways (Fig
Funding This work was supported by a Steno Collaborative Grant, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Denmark (Grant no
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In a landmark Phase 2 trial, patients receiving the highest dose of retatrutide (12 mg) achieved an average weight loss of 24.2% after 48 weeks