The interaction between the gut immune barrier and these microbes contributes to the GI tract becoming a potential source of chronic inflammation, which is closely associated with gut microecology (174, 175)
Such definitions emphasize the importance of longitudinal measurement of EF to differentiate the HFimpEF from HFmrEF and HFpEF, as patients who demonstrate a progressive decline in LVEF or who have persistently low LVEF generally face a worse prognosis than those with an improved LVEF 7,8,9
Its introduction should be guided by a thorough assessment of patient history, lifestyle factors, and clinical goals, alongside structured monitoring to ensure safety and efficacy
Pairing fats with fiber-rich vegetables can be an especially effective strategy
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Modalities span checkpoint inhibitors, ADCs, CAR-T and targeted small molecules, with pipelines in protein degraders and bispecifics