Relation to Neuroprotection: Such synthetic substances bind to GLP-1 receptors in the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and basal ganglia, triggering the following signal transduction: Switching off inflammatory NF-B downstream pathways like cytokines (IL-1/IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-)
NAD is generally considered safe in healthy invidivuals
6 Multi-agonist strategies are increasingly being studied, some of which include dual GLP-1/GIP agonists like tirzepatide and triple agonists that target GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon-like retatrutide
Meta-analyses suggest berberine reduces fasting glucose by 1015 mg/dL in type 2 diabetes patients, with improvements in HbA1c of roughly 0.51.0%
recently fleshed out the oxidative stress hypothesis for ME/CFS and long COVID in greater detail
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (2011) 20(5):799810