Potential Side Effects and Safety Concerns While combining these medications can be effective, it also increases the side effect burden on the body
Other active ingredients such as niacinamide (vitamin B3), ceramide NP, panthenol, and hyaluronic acid help improve the skins barrier function, reduce inflammation, and maintain hydration, resulting in smoother, more flexible, and radiant skin
In one meta-analysis study in 2017, Xu et al
The combination has one preclinical synergy paper but no human trial data of its own
Chen Y, Zhou K, Wang R, Liu Y, Kwak YD, Ma T, Thompson RC, Zhao Y, Smith L, Gasparini L, Luo Z, Xu H, Liao FF (2009) Antidiabetic drug metformin (GlucophageR) increases biogenesis of Alzheimer's amyloid peptides via up-regulating BACE1 transcription
It hydrates the skin, enhances overall skin appearance, moisturizes, refines skin texture, protects against sun damage, and nourishes the skin