He W, Yuan T, Choezom D, Hunkler H, Annamalai K, Lupse B, et al
E., Temm-Grove, C
At this concentration, luteolin significantly suppressed phosphorylation of c-Jun at Ser63 and Ser73 residues in nuclear extracts, with no effects on p-Syk, p-Lyn, or p38 MAPK, p44/p42 MAPK, or p54/56 SAPK/JNK in cytoplasmic, or c-Jun in nuclear fractions[170]
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Additionally, the study revealed other metabolites with significant changes: taurine and ribonic acid, which were increased in PD patients (fold change 2.8 and 3.2, respectively), suggesting alterations in bile acid metabolism and potential disruptions in the pentose phosphate pathway
However, glutathione production declines with age , and factors like poor diet, high stress, alcohol consumption, and exposure to toxins further deplete levels