Both can be administered intranasally or subcutaneously and the reconstitution approach differs by route
Attia takes two grams of the Thorne brand's lysine each night
Residue 2 is glutamic acid, not proline
Some studies [1317] have described the limitations of trying to diagnose vitamin B12 deficiency exclusively via the measurement of this concentration, and report blood methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine concentrations to be more sensitive markers capable of detecting subclinical deficiency
While the benzyl alcohol is there to protect the solution, it's not invincible, and its effectiveness has a known lifespan
These include skin rash or hives, weak muscles or cramps, itching, vomiting, nausea, headache, leg pain or warm, tender pain in one leg, dizziness and fatigue, frequent urination, feeling super thirsty, fast heart rate, and swelling of the extremities