The 4mg dose is often where researchers consider microdosing because the side effect jump from 2mg is significant
any effects on GLP-1 pathways appear indirect and considerably less potent than prescription GLP-1 receptor agonists
Int J Mol Sci 23(2):739 Mezza T, Cinti F, Cefalo CMA, Pontecorvi A, Kulkarni RN, Giaccari A (2019) -cell fate in human insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: a perspective on islet plasticity
What is the data actually telling you
These can cause abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting and even bowel obstruction in severe cases
In the case of GLP-1s, this can mean semaglutide or tirzepatide made in a compounding pharmacy rather than dispensed as an FDA-approved brand-name product