The magnitude of energy expenditure increase ranges from 5-10% above baseline depending on dose and individual responsiveness
References Jastreboff, A.M., Aronne, L.J., Ahmad, N.N., Wharton, S., Connery, L., Alves, B., Kiyosue, A., Zhang, S., Liu, B., Bunck, M.C
2b and Supplementary Table 4)
Moreover, the combination of tyndallized biomass and postbiotic supernatant enhanced inhibitory activity, which is consistent with evidence that structural components of inactivated bacteria (e.g., cell wall fragments and metabolites) exert bioactive effects (Wang et al., 2015)
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One of the most significant contributors to obesity in these communities is food insecurity, which limits access to fresh, nutrient-dense foods and increases reliance on ultra-processed, high-calorie options