Int Urol Nephrol 57 , 29352951 (2025)
Comparison with other antidiabetic medicines like insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, -glucosidase inhibitors placebo showed no statistically significant increase in fracture risk for DPP-4i, GLP-1 RAs, or SGLT-2i
Potential trigger foods that may worsen symptoms include: Fatty and fried foods these delay gastric emptying further, compounding the GLP-1 effect Chocolate and mint both can relax the lower oesophageal sphincter Citrus fruits and tomatoes high acidity may irritate an already sensitive oesophagus Spicy foods capsaicin and other compounds can trigger reflux symptoms Carbonated beverages gas production increases gastric pressure Caffeine and alcohol both may worsen reflux through multiple mechanisms Potentially beneficial dietary choices include lean proteins (chicken, fish, turkey), whole grains, non-citrus fruits (bananas, melons, apples), vegetables (excluding tomatoes and onions), and low-fat dairy products
Low-glycemic carbs support blood sugar control : Choosing complex carbs (like quinoa, oats, and vegetables) over refined sugars helps stabilize energy and enhances the glucose-lowering effects of GLPs
IGF-1 follows with a slight delay, normalizing within 3 to 4 weeks after the last injection
BPC-157 consists of a short chain of amino acids, which places it in the peptide category from a biochemical standpoint