Abbreviations BCL-2: B-cell lymphoma 2 Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein PI3K/AKT: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B HIF-1\(\alpha 1\) : hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha Akt/mTOR: Protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin IL-4: interleukin-4 IL-12: Interleukin-12 TNF-alpha: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha IFN-gamma: Interferon-gamma MDSC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell DC: Dendritic cell Th1: T helper type 1 ER: Endoplasmic reticulum Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2 ErbB: Epidermal growth factor receptor References Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A (2024) Cancer statistics, 2024
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Pedrazzoli M, Pasquini F, Minda K (2014) Assessment of The economic value Of Dpp-4 inhibitor alogliptin compared with sitagliptin
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Sugar (sucrose) is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose
