Before inoculation, the culture medium was treated with different aforementioned antibiotics namely chloramphenicol (30 g mL 1 ), tetracycline (12.5 g mL 1 ), norfloxacin (50 g mL 1 ) and ciprofloxacin (50 g mL 1 )
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Neurocognitive and CellularHealth NAD+ : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a vital coenzyme involved in energy production, DNA repair, and cellular stress responses, and NAD+ levels decline with age
Experimental research has suggested its potential to slow alterations in reproductive and immune systems and improve life spans in mice and rats
Accessed June 2026.