All applications are strictly limited to laboratory research use
Onions are high in FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols)

Key sources included the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/PubMed), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service, World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Health Statistics, EU Eurostat Health Database, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS/CDC), International Food Information Council (IFIC), Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN), Natural Products Association (NPA), United States Pharmacopeia (USP), International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI), Personal Care Products Council (PCPC), Codex Alimentarius Commission, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), China National Health Commission (NHC), Health Canada, Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) Australia, and national health ministry reports from key markets

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Due to a large 44-base pair deletion, isoform B is non-functional, while isoforms A and X1 exhibit enzymatic activity
Since they can fight free radicals, antioxidants have a substantial impact on human health by potentially delaying the aging process