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Several small studies involving people with digital eye strain suggest that 612mg daily for about a month may improve focusing ability and reduce eye fatigue compared to placebo, though results vary across trials and endpoints.2 12 In the brain, preclinical studies show that astaxanthin can reduce oxidative stress in neurons and may help preserve mitochondrial function.27 A few human studies suggest possible cognitive benefits such as improved reaction time and memory scores but the sample sizes remain small, so researchers emphasize the need for larger, long-term trials before firm conclusions can be drawn.6 9 26 Cardiovascular and metabolic health Because oxidative stress and inflammation are key contributors to heart and metabolic diseases, researchers have explored whether astaxanthin can make a measurable difference
The 4-OH of hydroxy benzylidene ring from two interactions with the imidazole group of His85 (2.03 ) and His263 (2.7 )
Hyperinsulinemia augments growth hormone receptor signalling, and increases hepatic IGF-1 production
Soil 1(2):665685 Subramaniam MN et al (2023) The state-of-the-art development of biochar based photocatalyst for removal of various organic pollutants in wastewater