This article is not, nor is it intended to be, a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment and should never be relied upon for specific medical advice
While kojic acid is more popular for hyperpigmentation and melasma, alpha arbutin is a better option due to the following reasons: : It is gentle on the skin: Unlike kojic acid, which can cause stinging, irritation, or redness, alpha arbutin is much milder, making it suitable for all skin types
Arthritis Rheum (2010) 62(11):315460
That means blood flow matters
I agree with you
However, the effect of hypoxia on MSC differentiation, including osteogenic (Yang et al., 2019), chondrogenic (Leijten et al., 2014), and adipogenic (Valorani et al., 2012) differentiation, remains contentious, with outcomes differing across various studies