In vivo: In ob/ob mice, administration of Exendin-4 (10 g/kg or 20 g/kg) improved insulin sensitivity and significantly reduced serum glucose and hepatic steatosis
Acting on GLP-1 receptors in the brain helps users feel full faster and reduces food cravings, leading to lower caloric intake
Therefore, W340 5.36b and R344 5.40b of GLP-2R rotate inwards
With improved blood sugar and A1C, diabetic retinopathy and macular edema typically improve over time, but with Ozempic use about 10-20% of patients experience worsening retinopathy and macular edema
However, the comparison is nuanced: semaglutide has longer real-world experience, proven cardiovascular outcomes data, and an oral formulation option that tirzepatide lacks
Biotechnol Bioeng 117(5):14261435