Conversely, some microbial metabolites are neuroprotective: the bacterial production of vitamins (like certain B vitamins) in the gut can support neuronal health [50]
Nasal spray loses 60-70% of the peptide and produces slower, less consistent results
Clinical trial objectives The purpose of the clinical study in humans was to evaluate the efficacy of four weeks supplementation of a combination of vitamin B6, B9, B12, and taurine on motivated behavior, as a primary outcome, and on attentional performance, and self-reported mood (e.g., fatigue, vigor) as secondary outcomes
Barden CJ, Wu F, Fernandez-Murray JP, Lu E, Sun S, Taylor MM, Rushton AL, Williams J, Tavasoli M, Meek A, Reddy AS, Doyle LM, Sagamanova I, Sivamuthuraman K, Boudreau RTM, Byers DM, Weaver DF, McMaster CR
Genet Metab
If you do not need the full vial within 28 days, consider using less water to create a more concentrated solution that allows you to use the vial faster, or accept some waste