The intestinal immunoendocrine axis: novel cross-talk between enteroendocrine cells and the immune system during infection and inflammatory disease
Third, as an observational study, it is difficult to fully control for all potential confounding variables, such as overall diet quality, exercise habits, and comorbidities
For instance, 5-HT is a neurotransmitter associated with mood and behavioral inhibition, and elevated levels can lead to increased feelings of fatigue, a phenomenon known as the central fatigue hypothesis. As shown in Figure 1b, 5-HT in the brain is metabolized from tryptophan through tryptophanase (TYH)
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Lactic acid fermentation in these matrices produces organic acids that enhance preservation and flavor
Laboratory investigation