There has been evidence that intraperitoneal injection of Ex-4 protected against ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis potentially by upregulating expression of the GLP-1R mainly in GABAergic interneurons or astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 region of gerbils (77)
5: Chopra HK, Mehta A, Ponde CK, Nanda NC, Wander GS, Oomman A, Kerkar P, Routray SN, Ratnaparkhi GP, Advani P, Shinde R, Agarwal R, Mahajan A, Shah J, Verma G, Mittal S, Prabhakar D, Ramesh D, Kochar A, Sidana S, Badani R, Sinha A, Parashar SK, Ramakrishnan S, Hazra PK, Grover A
As with any injection procedure, some possible side effects and complications could arise
Contact your healthcare provider within 24 hours if you experience: Persistent vomiting (more than 24 hours) preventing adequate fluid intake Severe diarrhea (more than 6 episodes daily) lasting beyond 48 hours Inability to keep down fluids despite anti-nausea measures Weight loss exceeding 23 pounds in 24 hours (likely fluid loss) Markedly reduced urine output with dark, concentrated urine New or worsening dizziness affecting daily activities or causing falls Blood glucose readings consistently above target despite usual management Seek immediate medical attention (emergency department or call 911) for: Severe, persistent abdominal pain (may indicate pancreatitis or gallbladder disease, which are labeled risks of GLP-1 medications requiring immediate evaluation and drug discontinuation) [1] Severe dizziness or fainting episodes Rapid or irregular heartbeat with chest discomfort Confusion, disorientation, or altered mental status Inability to urinate for 12+ hours Signs of acute kidney injury (decreased urine output, swelling, severe fatigue) Symptoms of hyperglycemic emergencies in diabetes patients (excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, fruity breath) Patients with pre-existing kidney disease, heart failure, or those taking multiple medications affecting fluid balance should maintain closer communication with their healthcare team
Lillys 32% rise enabled it to edge GSK out of the top 10, while Lillys rival in the GLP-1 space, Novo Nordisk grew by 25% to reach 11th place, leaving GSK in 12th position
10.5114/aoms.2013.33354 75 PathakN.VimalS
