Mechanism of action when taken orally: Even though some oral glutathione is degraded in the gut, the resulting amino acids (cysteine, glycine, glutamate) serve as substrates for de novo glutathione synthesis in tissues
Gehrig SM, van der Poel C, Hoeflich A, et al
Schneider CA, Figueroa Velez DX, Azevedo R, Hoover EM, Tran CJ, Lo C, et al
However, when cells become damaged beyond repair, cell death occurs
Bacteriostatic water contains a preservative (0.9% benzyl alcohol), making it suitable for multi-use vials
Chronic Complication Mechanisms: Sustained hyperglycemia damages small vessels (microvascular disease) via multiple mechanisms including AGE accumulation, protein kinase C activation, and hexosamine pathway flux