These effects were observed in multiple tissue compartments including brain, liver, and erythrocytes (Khavinson et al., Gerontology, 2007)
And it sent me down another rabbit hole of research suggesting something important: GLP-1 medications may be influencing the biological environment that cartilage cells live in, not just the load placed on the joint
Potential Benefits (preclinical) Fat metabolism: Animal models report reductions in fat mass while lean muscle is preserved [5] [6]
Used in laboratory research examining one-carbon metabolism cofactors
Berberine acts on AMP-activated protein kinase and can complement the incretin pathway without significant interaction risk
This weight reduction occurs through multiple mechanisms, including reduced appetite, increased satiety, and the delayed gastric emptying mentioned above