When intrinsic factor-mediated absorption is functioning normally, only about 1.5-2 g can be absorbed per meal through this active mechanism
Not everyone needs to reach the highest doses
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[4] The second activation step takes place predominantly in the kidneys where 1-hydroxylase converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol), an active secosteroid hormone that binds nuclear receptors in enterocytes, osteoblasts, renal tubules, parathyroid cells, and numerous immune and endocrine cells to modulate hundreds of genes involved in calcium-phosphate homeostasis, skeletal remodelling, and immunoregulation
However, it cannot completely prevent natural greying caused by ageing or genetics.
When NNMT is overactive (common in obesity), cells struggle with energy production and metabolic efficiency