glucagon suppression, lowering hepatic glucose output Central Nervous System: Decreases food intake by targeting homeostatic and hedonic appetite pathways (hindbrain/hypothalamus), reducing hunger and cravings, and enhancing satiety Gastrointestinal Tract: Delays gastric emptying, contributing to satiety (transient effect at higher doses) Adiposity/Energy Intake : Weight loss is primarily driven by sustained reduction in caloric intake, not increased energy expenditure Biological Activity Potent GLP-1 receptor agonist Enhances insulin secretion (glucose-dependent) Suppresses glucagon secretion Reduces appetite and caloric intake Produces significant, sustained body weight loss Improves cardiometabolic risk factors (glycemia, blood pressure, lipids) Storage Refrigerate once reconstituted
Identification of a novel mechanism for reversal of doxorubicin-induced chemotherapy resistance by TXNIP in triple-negative breast cancer via promoting reactive oxygen-mediated DNA damage
3.1.6.4 AMPK Luteolin activates AMPK , a central regulator of energy homeostasis and various metabolic responses [122, 182]
mitochondrial proteomic analysis
Hwang et al., 2009)
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