NAD+ is sold strictly for laboratory and research purposes and is not approved by the FDA or other regulators for human use
[ 40 , 41 , 42 ] Ultimately, the goal of taking Thymosin Alpha-1 is to modulate your immune system before taking BPC 157
Copper peptide serums for topical use cost $30 to $150 retail, positioning them as more accessible entry points for skin health applications
It also has been linked to influencing other growth pathways, like increasing gene expression for repair and even modulating neurotransmitter systems (dopamine, serotonin, etc., in brain injury models)
Human studies exist for Thymosin Beta-4 (not always TB-500) in wound healing (topical for venous ulcers, dry eye, epidermolysis bullosa), with Phase II/III trials showing safety and modest dermal benefits
It introduces more variables and makes it impossible to gather consistent data