Its defining structural feature is the gamma-glutamyl linkage: the glutamate residue is joined through its side-chain carboxyl rather than the usual alpha-peptide bond, which makes the molecule resistant to most intracellular peptidases and means it is cleaved almost exclusively by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase at the outer cell surface (Zhang, Forman and Choi, Methods in Enzymology, 2005)
On the outside ones skin and muscle tone may seem younger than another person of the same calendar age
A key characteristic of the BBB compared to peripheral vasculature is the arrangement of endothelial cells, which include tightly sealed cell-to-cell contacts called tight junctions (Moyaert et al., 2023)
Over time, this accumulation can lead to organ dysfunction
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