Frontiers in Endocrinology 2019;10
Extrinsic aging is predominantly influenced by sun exposure (photoaging), although smoking and pollution also play a role.1 Intrinsic and extrinsic aging overlap in clinical practice.1 Demand for strategies to mitigate the signs of skin aging is high.2 Recent studies suggest that regular exercise, apart from improving quality of life and reducing the risk of mortality and chronic disease,2 might also reduce the thickness of the stratum corneum and improve dermal thickness and collagen content.3 Diet is also important, with a number of studies highlighting its role in the prevention of aging
For AD, approved interventions such as cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA antagonists have modest effects on cognitive decline but are not able to reverse the course of disease [7]
Stress response modulation: May reduce the stress hormone cortisol
CPT1 has three isoforms, CPT1A, CPT1B, and CPT1C
Despite the above factors, both in vivo and ex vivo models have been very effective in elucidating the mechanisms underlying cataract initiation and progression following UV exposure ( Table 3 )