Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic) and tirzepatide (Zepbound, Mounjaro)
Antioxidant activity, helping protect cells from oxidative stress 5
Key monitoring strategies used in these trials include: Regular laboratory assessments (liver enzymes, lipase and amylase, renal function markers, HbA1c and glucose) Renal function monitoring, particularly if significant gastrointestinal adverse effects occur and dehydration is a concern Cardiovascular monitoring, including resting heart rate and blood pressure GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonism can increase resting heart rate, which requires careful evaluation in those with pre-existing cardiac conditions Calcitonin measurement and thyroid ultrasound where specified by trial protocol, to monitor for any signal related to thyroid C-cell changes (noting that routine thyroid function tests are not the specific safety assessment for this risk) Body composition assessments using imaging tools, which are research-protocol-specific rather than routine clinical monitoring, to evaluate changes in lean muscle mass versus fat mass Patient-reported outcome measures to capture quality-of-life changes and symptom burden over time Ophthalmic assessments in participants with pre-existing diabetic retinopathy, given the potential for early worsening with rapid glycaemic improvement The glucagon receptor component of retatrutide introduces additional monitoring considerations
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Such examples demonstrate the potential of OoC systems to become a fast, reliable and ethically appropriate approach for drug testing in detriment of conventional in vivo models (58, 59)
[2] Imaging and other investigations [edit] Uroflowmetry is done to measure the rate of urine flow and total volume of urine voided when the subject is urinating
The availability of carnosine in the muscle depends on an adequate supply of beta-alanine
