Several researchers have come to the same conclusion when trying to explain this fact [15]
10.1515/med-2024-0963 Summary Keywords ferroptosis, recurrent miscarriage (RM), therapeutic interventions, trophoblast dysfunction, glutathione peroxidase 4 Citation Khodaei MM, Noori Z, Zare F and Meshkin A (2025) Ferroptosis and recurrent miscarriage: a critical review of pathophysiology and emerging therapeutic targets
NF-B: blending metabolism, immunity, and inflammation
The peptides very short half-life (3 minutes) means it does not accumulate in tissues over time, reducing concerns about long-term bioaccumulation
Further, because pro-IGF-I in the circulation originates, in part, from skeletal muscle, it suggests that glycosylated pro-IGF-I may have better retention in the tissue than the non-glycosylated form
The short-term IP dosing triggered DNA repair and inflammatory TNF-alpha/NF-kB pathways in females, which are canonical responses to metabolic stress or tissue injury