For the side effect phenotypes, we defined separate casecontrol phenotypes for each side effect recorded in the survey, contrasting those who self-rated their side effects as moderate or severe (cases) to those who self-rated their side effects as mild or non-existent (controls)
Instead, theyre accelerating ones that were already forming
The simplest way to think about it Wegovy works on 1 pathway (GLP-1) Mounjaro works on 2 pathways (GLP-1 + GIP) Retatrutide (still being studied) works on 3 pathways (GLP-1 + GIP + glucagon) More pathways may mean stronger appetite and metabolic effects, which is why retatrutide is getting so much attention
This is why muscle preservation is important during GLP-1 or medical weight-loss treatment
Safety and side effects Both options can cause side effects, and both come with cautions
Mental stress should be addressed among individuals with obesity, as chronic stress may promote obesity development through the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation that elevates cortisol levels, interferes with insulin sensitivity, promotes energy storage, and creates food cravings for ultra-processed comfort foods [180] GLP-1s may act both centrally and peripherally to reduce these downstream impacts of chronic stress and obesity and alter food reward pathways in positive ways [124]
