Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit, H 2 DCFDA (H 2 -DCF, DCF), C11-BODIPY (581/591), MitoSOX Red Mitochondrial Superoxide Indicator, MitoTracker Red CMXRos, and Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium (High glucose, no glutamine, no methionine, no Cys 2 ) were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA)
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1c, d) 42,58 , a rather unspecific GSH-dependent monothiol mechanism might be better suited for the reduction of a variety of physiological non-glutathione disulfide substrates to maintain metabolites and proteins in a reduced state (Fig
However, glutathione is exceptionally fragile
4,5 Deficient GSH synthesis has been associated with oxidative stress in aging, 6 and GSH concentrations decrease with age, a factor thought to explain, in part, why the elderly are at greater risk of neurodegenerative diseases
These detoxification pathways are particularly relevant when it comes to the way drugs will work for an individual