Fetal metabolism uses sulfation pathways that become saturated, shunting more drug to the toxic pathway
Mitochondria functional assays demonstrated that HC modulated OCR in manner comparable to the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP, supporting the hypothesis that HC acts as a functional mitochondrial uncoupler, similarly to other anthraquinones (Simeone, 2025)
[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Arce-Sillas ASevilla-Reyes Elvarez-Luqun DDGuevara-Salinas ABoll MCPrez-Correa CAVivas-Almazan AVRodrguez-Ortiz UCastellanos Barba CHernandez M, et al
Melasma is one of the more commonly treated concerns, and many report improvement but because melasma is hormone- and UV-driven, results are best combined with sun protection and, where relevant, hormonal evaluation
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