One hard exclusion: Medicare, Medicaid, and TRICARE beneficiaries are barred by federal anti-kickback law even when paying cash, so their practical path is a documented-need 503A compounded provider
Add caution for anyone using metformin, berberine, or other AMPK-active medications when MOTS-c is in the picture
However, other experts, like researchers at the University of Southern California, think GLP-1s would have much greater cost savings, estimating theyd save up to $245 billion in the first 10 years if private insurers also covered the medications
Interestingly, only a very small amount of GLP-1R is present in the -cell membrane, but GLP-1 can inhibit glucagon secretion in human pancreatic islets by directly acting on GLP-1R on -cells
Studies in humans have also confirmed that consuming fat and sugar simultaneously promotes overeating (Hedrih, 2024), likely due to increased reward responses from separate neural gut-brain pathways activated by sugar and fat (McDougle et al., 2024)
Zepbound users lose an average of 48 lbs (at highest dose) in the first year vs Trulicity's average of 7-11 lbs