So even within KLOW, the evidence is uneven: strongest for the anchor, progressively more speculative for the supporting peptides
A physiological DPP-4 substrate is defined as one whose relative levels of intact versus cleaved peptide are significantly different in an animal or human treated with a DPP-4 inhibitor, or in an animal with genetic inactivation of DPP-4 (e.g., GIP, GLP-1, GLP-2, Peptide tyrosine tyrosine [PYY], Stromal cell-derived factor-1 [SDF], and Substance P [SP])
El-Nashar et al., 2023)
A full list of risks and contraindications will be discussed during your physician consultation
Individual patient factors, including treatment goals and comorbidities, should guide these decisions in consultation with healthcare professionals
Start your journey toward better health today