A 2025 meta-analysis of 16 studies involving 6,098 participants found no statistically significant difference between intramuscular, oral, and sublingual B12 supplementation routes
In practical terms, AOD-9604 could help the body burn fat for energy more efficiently, complementing diet and exercise efforts
They include the following: Vegetarians, vegans and people eating macrobiotic diets
This peptide is for research use only.
If harm at high doses is established then perhaps B12 has a therapeutic range, outside of which it causes harm
Peer-reviewed research has investigated AOD-9604 across animal models, ex vivo adipose tissue assays, and human clinical trials , with published studies appearing in journals including Endocrinology , the American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism , and Hormone Research