This may manifest as: Hypothalamic amenorrhoea: Cessation of menstrual periods due to suppressed GnRH pulsatility Luteal phase defects: Shortened or inadequate progesterone production after ovulation Reduced oestrogen levels: Leading to vaginal dryness, reduced arousal, and decreased sexual interest Research in female athletes has identified that energy availability below approximately 30 kcal per kilogram of fat-free mass daily is associated with menstrual disturbances and reduced libido, though individual thresholds vary and this finding may not generalise to all populations
L.YangZ.et al (2022)
Miller Professor in the Department of Basic & Translational Sciences in the School of Dental Medicine
Batsis JA, Petersen CL, Cook SB, Al-Nimr RI, Driesse T, Pidgeon D, et al
Additionally, the integration of digital health solutions will facilitate better patient engagement and adherence, ultimately enhancing treatment outcomes
Low Micronutrients from Restricted Eating Eating far less overall also lowers intake of iron, zinc, folate, vitamin D and the B vitamins