10.1073/pnas.1714900115 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Apr 7 2025;17(7)doi:10.3390/nu17071286 Maruvada P, Stover PJ, Mason JB, et al
Instead of starting with genetically changed mice, future research must adopt a human-first approach (Podesta and Steiger, 2026)
All of the above suggest that abnormal dietary intake and defective metabolism of Met could result in the abnormal levels of Met and its metabolites (SAMe and GSH) and accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates (Hcy, Hcythiolactone, and 3-MTP) in the liver, which in turn affects the functions and the inflammatory responses to damage/infection of the liver (Figure 4)
L-carnitine supplementation (500510 mg daily) reduced body weight, BMI, and belly fat in PCOS patients, improving fertility and mental health
For someone without those features, it implies there is less for the medication to correct on this front