glp 1 dpp 4 pathway Glucagon-like peptide-1 Renoprotective Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors

Reduced GSH decreases GPX4 expression/activity, promoting Fe 2+ and ROS accumulation

Diabetes (2011) 60(11):277586.10.2337/db11-0227 195 DerrienMVaughanEEPluggeCMde VosWM

Checking blood glucose levels during symptomatic episodes helps exclude hypoglycemia, particularly in patients receiving concomitant insulin or sulfonylureas

They may be committing to recurring costs across a large eligible population

Other alternatives include immunosuppressive agents (cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, interferons, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab), antivirals, and plasmapheresis

Initial combination therapy with canagliflozin plus metformin versus each component as monotherapy for drug-nave type 2 diabetes