Form and Analytical Testing Powder (lyophilized sterile powder or free base crystals), 99% purity (HPLC), identity confirmed by mass spectrometry and chiral analysis, endotoxin 1000 mg/mL in water, appearance: white crystalline powder, storage 28C protected from light and moisture, reconstitution with sterile or bacteriostatic water under aseptic conditions, stability: 2436 months sealed refrigerated, 12 weeks reconstituted at 28C (avoid multiple freeze-thaw)
Updated June 2026
As a result of BBB disruption, inflammatory factors are more prone to entering the central nervous system and subsequently activate neuroinflammation
Mass spectrometry identity confirmation: Molecular weight must be verified via LC-MS to confirm the 16-amino acid sequence and the intramolecular disulfide bond, both critical structural features of this compound
doi: 10.15171/apb.2016.039 227 AsadiradANashibiRKhodadadiAGhadiriAASadeghiMAminianAet al
Some people use vitamin C in the morning and copper peptides at night to reduce irritation, since layering many actives can sting on reactive skin