Detailed analysis of atpenin A5 and phenformin cytotoxicity and inhibition of metabolic activity in various cell lines As predicted from our modeling approach as tier 1 targets, atpenin A5 at 20 M and phenformin at 100 M do not show toxicity in endpoint measurements based on total cell counting when Calu-3, CaCo-2, A549, and Huh7.5 cells were exposed to the compounds for 72 h (Fig
doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.07.004
Clear solution for injection
However, the absence of evidence for interactions is not evidence of safety, as no controlled studies have evaluated this combination
Integrative genome analyses identify key somatic driver mutations of small-cell lung cancer
A 2021 Nature Communications study then showed that MOTS-c is induced by exercise and that treating mice, including animals started late in life, boosted running capacity and physical performance across young, middle-aged, and old groups [3]