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ROS are highly reactive radical and non-radical forms of oxygen comprising superoxide anion (O 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and highly reactive hydroxyl (OH) groups that are produced during oxygen metabolism during photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and peroxisomal activity 10,11

Hypoglycemia following the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A real-world analysis of post-marketing surveillance data

The table above gives the ranges, but here is the reasoning behind each one

Oxidative Phosphorylation: It enhances the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, optimizing energy production while minimizing the leakage of free radicals

10.1016/j.exger.2005.01.008 13 BennettM

For a deeper primer, you may also want to read What is Glutathione and Why It Matters for Our Health