The non-enzymatic components include the major cellular redox buffers: ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) as well as tocopherol, flavonoids, alkaloids, and carotenoids (Arora et al., 2000
Further underscoring this, one specific in vitro experiment observed that -HB protected cultured midbrain neurons from the toxic effects of MPTP on the mitochondrial respiratory chain [60]
10.1124/pr.110.004036 177
Of interest, mature OL clusters expressing genes suggestive of immune function have been identified, for example supporting an MHC-class II-mediated response 71
Glutathione is generally suitable for most skin types, but results vary based on genetics, lifestyle, and pigmentation depth