In addition, safety and tolerability concerns remain
Gold nanoparticles for biology and medicine
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed monodisperse, spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 100 nm (Fig
Oh HS, Choi M, Lee TS, An Y, Park EJ, Kim TH, Shin S, Shin BS

Access this article Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations ALS: acid labile subunit BMP: bone morphogenic protein COJ: chondro-osseous junction FDA: Food and Drug Administration FGF: fibroblast growth factor GH: growth hormone GHR/: growth hormone receptor knockout GnRH: gonadotropin releasing hormone GP: growth plate HZ: hypertrophic zone of growth plate cartilage IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1 IGF-1R: insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor IGF2: insulin-like growth factor 2 IGFBP: insulin-like growth factor binding protein Ihh: Indian hedgehog LID: liver IGF-1-deficient LLD: limb length discrepancy MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase 9 MPM: multiphoton microscopy PTHrP: parathyroid hormone-related protein PZ: proliferative zone of growth plate cartilage RZ: reserve zone of growth plate cartilage T3: triiodothyronine TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitors TR1: thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 TR: thyroid hormone receptor beta VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor WISP3: Wnt-induced secreted protein 3 Wnt: wingless/integrated Zn: zinc References Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: Of major importance Farnum CE

Preclinical evidence supports potential efficacy across these substance classes, but human data remain sparse