Description of the metabolic actions elicited by IGF-1
Introduction Cysteine, a sulfhydryl-containing proteinogenic amino acid essential for the human body, is employed in a variety of metabolic pathways, such as the regulation of reduced glutathione (GSH), a major endogenous antioxidant molecule and the generation of sulfur-containing biomolecules such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), taurine, coenzyme A and biotin ( Figure 1 ) ( Figure 1 Cysteine metabolism in cancer and tumor microenvironment It is increasingly noted that altered levels of amino acids including cysteine in the tumor microenvironment, by uptake or processing of both intracellular and extracellular regions, have emerged as potential markers of tumor progression
Exp Gerontol 2018;106:61-6
Determination of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels Total intracellular ROS levels were determined using a ROS assay kit (cat
The sustained generation of 1 O 2 by ZFO, ZFP, and ZFP + H 2 O 2 under US irradiation was demonstrated in Figs
A potential tumor-suppressor role for miR-519a has also been described in other cancers, but further work is needed to establish whether IGFBP-1 downregulation has a broader role in its actions
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